Umbono wokuthi ezinye izinja zihlakaniphile kunezinye awusiwo nje umbono wabanikazi: usekelwa yi amashumi eminyaka ezifundo ngobuhlakani bezinjaKunezinhlobo ezifunda izimpawu ezintsha ngesikhathi esifushane, zisabela cishe njalo emyalweni wokuqala, futhi zivelele kokubili kwezemidlalo yezinja kanye nemisebenzi yokusebenza kanye neyenkonzo.
Lokhu kuhlelwa akuhloselwe ukusho ukuthi iyiphi inja "engcono", kodwa ukuchaza ukuthi kungani izinhlobo ezithile zivela kaningi kangaka amaphoyisa, amaqembu okutakula, izindlela zokwelapha ezisizayo, noma imincintiswano yokulalelaUkuqonda indlela abacabanga futhi bafunda ngayo kusiza ukubanikeza impilo elinganiselayo, into ebaluleke kakhulu emazweni aseYurophu njengeSpain, lapho abanikazi beqhubeka nokuba nemithwalo yemfanelo emikhulu.
Yini isayensi eyiqondayo ngenja ehlakaniphile?
Uma ochwepheshe bekhuluma “ngezinhlobo zezinja ezihlakaniphile,” ababhekiseli nje esilwaneni esilalela ngaphandle kokukhononda, kodwa babhekisela eqoqweni lamakhono ahlanganisa isivinini sokufunda, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokuxazulula izinkingaUkulalela kuyingxenye eyodwa nje yesithombe sisonke.
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uStanley Coren, umcwaningi eNyuvesi yaseBritish Columbia, uphakamise enye yezigaba ezinethonya kakhulu ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni olune- amakhulu abahluleli bokulalela izinjaNgabo waqoqa idatha ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ezingaba ngu-120, ezibonwe ezimweni ezifanayo futhi ngaphansi kwezindinganiso ezihlanganisiwe.
UCoren wahlukanisa izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuhlakanipha ezinjeni: ukuhlakanipha okungokwemvelo (lokho inja ekhethelwe ukukwenza, njengokwelusa noma ukuqapha), ubuhlakani obuguquguqukayo (indlela yokuxazulula izimo ezintsha) kanye ubuhlakani bokusebenza nokulalela (ubulula bokufunda imiyalo yabantu). Uhlu oludumile lwezinhlanga ezihlakaniphe kakhulu lugxile kakhulu kulesi sici sokugcina.
Elinye lamaqiniso ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu ukuthi izinhlobo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingakwazi hlanganisa uhlelo olusha ngokuphindaphinda okungaphansi kwesihlanu futhi baphendule kahle umyalo wokuqala cishe ngo-95% wesikhathi. Lokhu kusebenza kuchaza ukuthi kungani kubonakala kaningi kangaka ezivivinyweni zokulalela ezisemthethweni kanye nokushesha eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika.
Yile ndlela okwaqoqwa ngayo izinga lezinhlobo ezihlakaniphe kakhulu.
Umsebenzi kaStanley Coren waziwa umphakathi jikelele maphakathi nawo-90 ngokushicilelwa kwencwadi "Ukuhlakanipha okumangalisayo kwezinja"Kunokuba kube uhlu oluzenzakalelayo, lwalusekelwe emibuzweni enemininingwane eya kubahluleli abanolwazi, abahlola ukusebenza kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinja ezivivinyweni ezijwayelekile.
Kuhlobo ngalunye, inani elimaphakathi lokuphindaphinda okudingekayo labalwa. funda umyalo omusha ngokupheleleYayiyini izinga labo lempumelelo yomyalo wokuqala, futhi balugcina kanjani lolo sebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi? Lokhu kwakungewona amaqhinga amangalisayo, kodwa imiyalo elula eyayivumela ukuqhathanisa okuqondile.
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Melika, kodwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuhlola izinja ezabiwe yizinhlangano ezifana ne-American Kennel Club. Lokhu kuye kwavumela, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Amaqembu nezinhlangano zezinja zaseYurophu ezizinikele ekuqeqeshweni kwezinja Thatha lokho kuhlukaniswa njengesiqondiso esiqondisayo, yize kuhlale kunezincazelo ezihlukile.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uhlu luye lwaphawulwa, lwabuyekezwa, futhi lwahlungwa ochwepheshe, kanye nokusabalalisa ngama-portals kanye nemikhiqizo emkhakheni wokudla nokunakekela izilwane ezifuywayo. Noma kunjalo, i- Izikhundla eziphezulu ohlwini azikashintshi kangako., okubonisa ukuzinza okuthile eziphethweni zokuqala.
Izinhlobo ezintathu zezinja ezihlakaniphe kakhulu
Phezulu kwezikhundla kukhona umngcele we-collieI-Scottish Terrier, uhlobo oluvela emngceleni ophakathi kweScotland neNgilandi, yathuthukiswa ukuze iluse izimvu. Ikhono layo elimangalisayo lokugxilisa ingqondo, amandla ayo angapheli, kanye nokulula kwayo ekuchazeni izimpawu ezibonakalayo nezokukhuluma kuye kwenza yaba yisilinganiso sokuhlakanipha kwezinja cishe kuzo zonke izikhundla.
I-border collie iphumelela kakhulu kokubili emsebenzini wendabuko wasensimini kanye nemidlalo esezingeni eliphezulu, kusukela ekuhlolweni kokwalusa kuya ukushesha, ukulalela kanye nenja yediskiLokhu kuhlanganiswa kokukhuthazela ngokomzimba kanye nobukhali bengqondo kwenza kube yinto eyaziswa kakhulu ngabaqeqeshi abangochwepheshe eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.
Indawo yesibili ibanjwe ngu i-poodleUhlobo oluvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinja ezihlala emadolobheni, kodwa imvelaphi yazo ihlotshaniswa nokuzingela emanzini. Lo msebenzi wokuqala wawudinga isilwane esikwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezisheshayo emanzini, ukukhumbula imizila, nokusebenza ngokubambisana nomzingeli—into namuhla ehunyushwa njenge- ikhono elikhulu lokukhumbula imikhuba eyinkimbinkimbi.
I-poodle, kokubili ngobukhulu bayo obujwayelekile nobuncane, ihlala iphakathi kwezinhlobo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuhlolweni kokulalela. Isimo sayo sengqondo esiphilayo kanye nekhono lokufunda kuyenza ikhethwe njalo imindeni efuna inja ehlanganyelayo en imidlalo yezobunhloli kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwansuku zonke.
El Umalusi waseJalimane Inja iqeda ezintathu eziphezulu. Idume ngokuba khona kwayo emaphoyiseni, emaqenjini okutakula, nasemayunithi okuthola, ihlanganisa isibindi, ukwethembeka, kanye nekhono eliqinile lomsebenzi oqondiswa abantu. Ubuhlakani bayo bokusebenza buyivumela ukuthi ifunde imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene, kusukela sesha abantu abazoqondisa abantu abayizimpumputhe.
Izinhlobo eziqeda eziyi-10 eziphezulu
Ngaphansi kwesiteji, amazinga abekwe endaweni yesine ukubuyisa okusagolideNjengoba yaziwa hhayi nje ngokuba nomusa kodwa futhi nangokuhlakanipha kwayo okukhulu ngokomzwelo, le nhlanganisela yokuzwela kanye nokufunda okulula yenze kwaba ukukhetha okuvamile njengenja yokwelapha, yokusiza, kanye neyokusekela ekungeneleleni kwezemfundo ezikhungweni zaseYurophu.
Indawo yesihlanu iza UDoberman PinscherInja eqaphayo enokushesha okukhulu kwengqondo kanye nobudlelwano obuqinile nomndeni wayo. Iqeqeshwe kahle futhi ixhumana kahle, ikhombisa ikhono elikhulu lokwenza izinqumo ezimweni zokuqapha, okuchaza ukuba khona kwayo ngokomlando emisebenzini yokuvikela.
Indawo yesithupha iya ku Umalusi waseShetlandI-German Shepherd uhlobo oluncane kakhulu uma luqhathaniswa nezinye izinja ezilusayo, kodwa ukulalela kwayo kanye nokushesha kwayo kuyamangaza abanikazi abaningi abasafufusa. Emincintiswaneni yaseYurophu yokushesha, ivame ukuba ngcono. isivinini nokunemba naphezu kokubukeka kwayo okubuthakathaka.
El labrador ukubuyisaI-Spaniel, enye yezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu eYurophu naseSpain, ibekwe endaweni yesikhombisa ohlwini. Ukuthobeka kwayo, ukubekezelelana, kanye nokwahlulela okuhle ezimweni zansuku zonke kwenze yaba yinja ebaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zethelevishini. isiqondiso, ukutholwa kanye nosizoLokhu kuhlakanipha okusetshenziselwa umsebenzi, kuhlanganiswe nesimo sakhe sobungane, kumenza afaneleke kakhulu ezindaweni zomndeni ezisebenzayo.
Isikhundla sesishiyagalombili sihlalwa ngu i-papillonUhlobo oluncane olubonisa ubukhulu balo alunqumi ikhono lokuqonda. Lubukhali, lunakekela, futhi lusabela kakhulu ekuqeqeshweni okuhle kokuqinisa, luthole indawo ohlwini ngenxa yokusebenza kwalo kahle ukuhlolwa kokulalela okuguquliwe kanye nokuguquguquka ezinjeni ezincane.
Esimweni sesishiyagalolunye kukhona RottweilerYaziwa kakhulu ngamandla ayo angokomzimba kanye nendima yayo njengenja eqaphayo, kodwa futhi iphawuleka ngekhono layo elimangalisayo lokucabanga ezimweni ezahlukene. Ngokuqeqeshwa okunesibopho nokuhlelwe kahle, ingqondo yayo yokuhlaziya kanye inkumbulo enkulu yokusebenza Lokhu kuyenza ibe ngumngane oguquguqukayo kakhulu.
Eziyishumi eziphezulu zihlanganiswe yi umalusi wezinkomo wase-Australia (noma i-Australian Cattle Dog), uhlobo olusebenza ngokungakhathali oludinga izinselele ezivamile ukuze luhlale lulinganisela. Njengoba lukhuliswe ukuze luphathe izinkomo ezimweni ezinzima, ludinga imisebenzi ejwayelekile kanye nokuzivocavoca kwengqondo okuhlukahlukeneLokhu kuyinto abantu abayisebenzisayo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni okufanele bayicabangele ngokungathi sína ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo.
Lolu hlu lusho ukuthini kubanikazi eSpain naseYurophu?
Ukwazi ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lubekwe kanjani ezingeni elifanele kulezi zinhlobo zezinhlobo kungasiza abanikazi ukuthi lungisa okulindelwe yibo kanye nendlela yabo yokuphila ndawonye nesilwane. Inja ehlakaniphe kakhulu akulula ukuyiphatha; empeleni, izikhathi eziningi iphambene kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ekuhlakanipheni kokusebenza zivame ukudinga ukuzinikela okwengeziwe ngesimo sokuqeqeshwa, imidlalo yephunga, amaphazili ezinja, kanye nemisebenzi eqondisiweNgaphandle kwalokho kukhuthazwa, izimpawu zokudinwa, ukukhathazeka, noma ukuziphatha okulimazayo zingabonakala kalula ekhaya.
Emazweni aseYurophu, lapho imithetho yenhlalakahle yezilwane iba nzima khona, ukuba nalolu lwazi kuyasiza ekwenzeni izinqumo. inja ehambisana nendlela yokuphila womndeni. Akufani nokuhlala efulethini elincane elinezinsuku zokusebenza ezinde njengoba kunjalo nokuhlala endlini enengadi namahora aguquguqukayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi ukukleliswa kwezinja akufanele kuthathwe njengokuncintisana phakathi kwezinja. Ngaphakathi kohlobo olufanayo kukhona ukuhlukahluka okukhulu komuntu ngamunye, futhi noma yimuphi umuntu wezinhlanga ezixubile angavelela ngamakhono athile noma ngabe akuveli ematafuleni asemthethweni.
Ekugcineni, ukuhlakanipha kwezinja kunengqondo kuphela uma kusetshenziselwa ukuzuzisa inja nendawo ekuyo. Ukukhetha imisebenzi efanele, ukunikeza imikhuba ecacile, kanye nokuqinisa ukuziphatha okufiselekayo kuvumela inja ukuthi... Kokubili isilwane nomndeni bajabulela ukuhlala ndawonye okulula nokucebile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inja iphakathi kwezidumile zezinhlobo ezihlakaniphe kakhulu noma cha.
