La i-canine leishmaniasis Ingenye ye izifo eziyingozi kakhulu ukuthi izinja zingaba nazo, kuze kufike lapho kungagcina kubulalayo kubo uma kungabonwa ngesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kuthinte abantu, futhi into embi kakhulu ukuthi kunjalo ezifundeni eziningi, njengeNingizimu Melika, isifunda saseMedithera, e-Afrika nase-Asia.
Kuyisifo ukuthi Idluliselwa ngokulunywa yi-sandflyLapho impukane iluma isilwane, ijova i-parasite ye-Leishmania emzimbeni wakho. Kungase kuthathe isikhathi ukwazi ukuthi umngane wethu unegciwane, ngakho kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani i-canine leishmaniasis, njengoba ungekho umgomo okwazi ukuwelapha owenziwe kuze kube manje. Akekho ukutheleleka ngokuthintana ngqo phakathi kwezinja noma kusuka ezinjeni kuya kubantu: i-vector ibalulekile ekudluliseni.
Alikho ikhambi le-leishmaniasis, kodwa liyakwenza kungavinjelwa kalula uma sithatha uchungechunge lwezinyathelo, njenge:
- Ngaphambi kokuba isimo sezulu esihle siqale, nika inja yakho a Umgexo we-scalibor oxosha omiyane ozothola emitholampilo yezilwane. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma uhlala endaweni lapho kugcwele khona. Ukusebenza kahle kungama-95%.
- Ngokufanayo, ungafaka futhi ipayipi elidingayoYize ingasebenzi kahle njengomgexo (ukusebenza kwawo cishe kungama-85%), kungasiza.
- Thatha umngani wakho uhambe emini (phakathi kuka-8 no-17-18h), njengoba ebusuku kulapho omiyane besebenza khona kakhulu.
- Kuyalulekwa beka amanetha omiyane, izimbobo zayo zincane, emafasiteleni naseminyango.
Namuhla futhi sine- umuthi wokugoma ukuvimbela i-leishmaniasis, ngokusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu (kufika ku-99% kuye ngomkhiqizo nocwaningo). Kweminye imihlahlandlela imithamo emithathu yokuqala isetshenziswa, ngesikhawu samasonto amathathu phakathi kokugoma, futhi kusukela onyakeni wesibili kuqhubeke, kunikezwa ukugoma kwaminyaka yonke; kwezinye, uhlelo lokuqala luhlukile kuye ngomgomo otholakalayo. intengo iyinkomba futhi zingahluka ngomtholampilo nangomkhiqizo, futhi lezo zinja kuphela ezingagonywa abanalo.
Uma usola ukuthi inja yakho inezinkinga, unganqikazi ukumyisa kudokotela wezilwane.
Iyini i-leishmaniasis futhi idluliselwa kanjani?
Leishmania infantum Kuyi-protozoan parasite ehlala ngaphakathi kwamaseli omsingathi. I-vector yiyona izimpukane (“omiyane” abancane abanomsebenzi we-crepuscular kanye nowasebusuku) kanye Ngaphandle kokulunywa kwayo akukho ukuthelelekaBakhetha izinga lokushisa elipholile, izindawo ezinomswakama ezinothile ngezinto eziphilayo (imifantu, izimpande, udoti wamaqabunga). Emazweni amaningi aseMedithera, ubukhona babo busakazekile futhi bukhula ngenxa yezici imvelo kanye nesimo sezulu.
Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso kanye nesikhathi sokufukamela
Ukusuka ekulunyweni kuya ezimpawu zokuqala zingadlula Izinyanga eziyi-4 kuya kwezi-6 (ububanzi be Izinyanga ezine kuya kweziyi-3). Akuzona zonke izinja ezibonisa into efanayo: ezinye zine izilonda zesikhumba amagama okuqala; abanye, izimpawu jikelele.
- Izimpawu ezingaqondile: ukunganaki, ukuwohloka kwemisipha, iziqephu zomkhuhlane, ukudabuka ngokweqile, ukuxhuga ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala.
- Izimpawu ezisikisela kakhului-onychogryphosis (izinzipho ezinde), i-alopecia nezilonda ezindlebeni naseduze kwamehlo, ukuncipha, ama-lymph nodes akhulisiwe, i-epistaxis.
Uma iqhubeka ngokungalawuleki, ingathinta izinso, ubende nesibindi (visceral leishmaniasis) ebeka engcupheni impilo yesilwane.
Ukuvimbela okuphelele: izixosha, imikhuba kanye nendawo ezungezile
Isu eliphumelela kakhulu hlanganisa izindlela ukugwema ukulunywa:
- Izixosha zangaphandle: amakholomu ane-pyrethroids kanye nembileAmanye amakholomu abonisiwe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kakhulu elabhorethri; ukuzisebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo kunciphisa ubungozi bokudluliselwa kanye nokungena izinja esezithelelekile inciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka kwe-sandfly lapho elunyiwe.
- Amashejuli nezindawo: gwema ukusa nokuhwalala futhi i izindawo ezinomswakama (amashaneli, ukuchelela, izimila eziminyene) ngezikhathi zomsebenzi. Qinisekisa ukuthi lala ngaphakathi ekhaya noma ezindaweni ezivikelwe nge amanetha amahle omiyane.
- Imvelo: yehlisa izinto eziphilayo (udoti, amaqabunga), ivala imifantu futhi ithuthukise amanzi wesakhiwo noma igceke. Emashede, liyakwazisa thintana namapende/izibulala-zinambuzane kuboniswe udokotela wakho wezilwane.
- Ukuvikela unyaka wonke: Ezindaweni ezine-vector esebenzayo isikhathi eside, kuhle ukuyinakekela abaxosha ngokuqhubekayo. Uma uhamba, ivikela ngaphambi kokususwa.
- Ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile: ezindaweni ezihlala njalo, kuyenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-serological noma i-PCR njalo (ngonyaka futhi, uma ubungozi buphezulu, kancane ngonyaka) ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha.
- Ukwesekwa kwamasosha omzimba: udokotela wakho wezilwane angakuhlola i-domperidone (izidakamizwa ezithile ze-immunomodulatory) ezimweni ezithile ukuze kuthuthukiswe impendulo yeselula.
- Ukukhiqiza kabusha okunesibopho: njengoba zikhona izindlela ezingavamile ezingezona zezilwane (okuqondile nokocansi), i inzalo kungabonakala ezimweni zobungozi.
Imithi yokugoma etholakalayo kanye neqhaza layo
I-Las Imithi yokugomela i-leishmaniasis Azivimbeli ukutheleleka ngo-100%, kodwa ukunciphisa ingozi kanye nokuqhubeka komtholampilo. Zinconywa ezinjeni ezihlala noma ezihambela izindawo ezihlala njalo futhi kufanele kufanele inikezwe kuphela uma ukuhlolwa kungenayoIphethini yokuqala kanye nokuqiniswa kuncike emuthini wokugoma (ezinye zidinga imithamo emithathu yokuqala kanti ezinye ishejuli ehlukile). Kufanele esetshenziswa kanye nezixosha ukukhulisa ukuvikeleka.
Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nokuqapha
Udokotela wezilwane uzohlanganisa ukuhlola ngokomzimba nezivivinyo ezifana i-serology (IFI, ELISA), I-PCR futhi kwezinye izimo, i-cytology noma i-biopsy. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye i-proteinogram ukusiza ukuhlola ukuvuvukala, amasosha omzimba kanye nomthelela izinso nesibindi. Ezinjeni ezichayeke noma ezihlala nezinja ezine-positive, kuyancomeka ukulawula ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukwelashwa lapho kukhona ukuxilongwa okuqondile
Ukwelashwa ezemithi futhi ngokwezifiso ngokusho komthwalo we-parasitic kanye nokusebenza kwesitho. Izinhlanganisela ezifana I-Allopurinol (parasitostatic) nge I-meglumine antimoniate o i-miltefosine, phakathi kwabanye. Idinga ukuhlolwa njalo futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukudla okukhethekile ukusekela izinsoIziguli eziningi zithuthukela ku-a isimo esingelapheki esilawulwayo ngekhwalithi enhle yempilo. Ngisho noma inja iba ngcono, kufanele hlala uvikelekile ngezinto ezixoshayo ukuvimbela ukuphinda utheleleke futhi kunqanyulwe ukusulelana.
Imibuzo eyinhloko
- Ingabe lithelela abantu? Kuyi-zoonosis, kepha ukudluliselwa kubantu kudinga izimpukaneAkukho ukudluliselwa ngokuphulula, amathe, noma ukuxhumana okujwayelekile komphakathi.
- Kunini lapho kunengozi enkulu khona? En izinkathi ezipholile nezindawo ezinomswakama, ikakhulukazi uma ukusa/ukuhwalalaUmsebenzi unganwetshwa kuye ngesimo sezulu sendawo.
- Ingabe kukhona ukusetshenziswa kwendlela eyodwa kuphela? Isivikelo esingcono kakhulu yi- isu elihlangene: okuxosha + imikhuba + imvelo + umgomo (uma ukhona) + amasheke wezilwane.
Nakekela imvelo, khetha izikhathi ezifanele zokuhamba, sebenzisa ezixosha izinga, yazisa i ukugoma wenze ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile Lezi izikhiye ezenza umehluko ekugcineni inja yakho iphephile ku-leishmaniasis.
