Isifo sofuba isifo esithathelwanayo esithinta kokubili abantu nezinhlobo zezilwane eziningi, okuhlanganisa izinja namakati, abangane bethu abathembekile. Le nkinga yezempilo yomphakathi neyezilwane ithole ukuhlobana okukhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yemvelo yayo ye-zoonotic kanye nokwehlukahlukana kokubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo ekuvezayo ezilwaneni ezihambisana nazo. Kulesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe izimbangela, izimpawu, imiphumela, ukuxilongwa kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela lesi sifo ezinjeni, ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi oluphelele nolubuyekeziwe lwabanikazi nabachwepheshe emkhakheni wezilwane.
Siyini Isifo Sofuba Ezinjeni Futhi Ziyini Izimbangela Zaso?
Isifo sofuba isifo esithathelwanayo esingamahlalakhona esibangelwa amagciwane ohlobo I-Mycobacterium. Izinhlobo ezivame ukubangela lesi sifo yilezi I-Mycobacterium isifo sofuba, I-Mycobacterium bovis futhi ngezikhathi ezithile I-Mycobacterium avium. Ezinjeni, izifo zivame ukutholakala ngokuthintana nabantu abangenwe yilesi sifo, okuhlukanisa le zoonosis njengesifo sokudluliselwa kwe-reverse, lapho i-vector eyinhloko ingumuntu esilwaneni.
Omunye umthombo obalulekile wokutheleleka ukuchayeka emfuyweni ethelelekile, ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezihlala eduze kwamapulazi emfuyo noma ezidla imikhiqizo eluhlaza njengobisi noma inyama yezitho zezilwane ezigulayo. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokungena ziwukuphefumula, ukugaya futhi, kancane kancane, isikhumba. Nakuba amakati engathinteki kangako M. isifo sofuba, zingangenwa kalula yi M. bovis, kuyilapho izinja zithambekele kakhudlwana kumagciwane abantu.
Izimpawu Nezimpawu Zomtholampilo Zesifo Sofuba Ezinjeni
Isifo sofuba ezinjeni singaba yisifo esingabonakali noma sibe nezimpawu ezingaqondile ezenza ukuxilonga kwaso kube nzima. Ezimweni ezibonakalayo, izimpawu zomtholampilo zincike kakhulu ezithweni ezithintekile kanye nomzila wokungena kwamagciwane.
- Indiza: Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, i-dyspnea, ukukhathala, imfiva efinyelela iziqongo zakusihlwa, ukuncipha kwesisindo kanye nokuhosha ngenxa yezilonda emphinjeni.
- Umzila wokugaya: Uhudo olungapheli, ukuhlanza kanye nokulahlekelwa ukudla okungenzeka.
- Ukubonakaliswa kwesikhumba: Izilonda ze-nodular ezingapholi, ikakhulukazi uma zixhunywe kuma-lymph nodes angaphandle.
- Imiphumela evamile: I-Lymphadenopathy, i-ascites, i-arthropathies futhi ezimweni ezinzima, ukusabalalisa kwezempi ngokubandakanyeka kwezitho eziningi.
Ukuvela kwalezi zimpawu kufanele kuxwayise abanikazi kanye nodokotela bezilwane, ikakhulukazi uma inja ike yathintana nabantu okungenzeka banegciwane, izilwane noma izindawo.
Ukuxilongwa Okuyinkimbinkimbi Kodwa Okubalulekile
Ukuhlonza isifo sofuba ezinjeni kungaba inselele ngenxa yokungacaci kahle kwezimpawu zaso kanye nokuzwela okuphansi kwezinye izivivinyo zendabuko. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe bokuxilonga kuthuthukise kakhulu amathuba okutholwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe: Ama-radiographs ethoracic nesisu ukuze abone izilonda ezihambisanayo, ezifana nokungena kwamaphaphu noma i-lymphadenopathy.
- I-bacteriology namasiko: Ukuhlonza okuqondile ngesiko lamasampula atholwe ekugezweni kwe-bronchial, ama-biopsies noma izimfihlo, nakuba le ndlela ingahamba kancane futhi ingatholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana: I-PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) ifakazele ukuthi iyithuluzi elisheshayo nelisebenzayo lokuthola i-mycobacterial DNA kumasampula omtholampilo.
- I-Histopathology: Ucwaningo lwezicubu ezisebenzisa i-Ziehl-Neelsen staining ukuhlonza ubukhona bamagciwane amelana ne-acid-alcohol.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-tuberculin, okuvame ukusetshenziswa ezinkomeni, akuthembeki ezinjeni ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokungathembeki kwamanga.
Inkulumompikiswano Yokwelashwa Nemithelela Yako
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba ezinjeni kusaqhubeka kuyindaba eyimpikiswano emithini yezilwane. Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo siyi-zoonotic futhi simelela ubungozi empilweni yomphakathi, izivumelwano eziningi zeluleka ngokumelene nokwelashwa okuvamile futhi zimelela i-euthanasia ezimeni eziqinisekisiwe. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezithile, inhlanganisela yemithi elwa namagciwane isetshenziswe ngempumelelo elinganiselwe.
Ukwelashwa kuvame ukufaka uhlobo lwemithi ephindwe kathathu efana ne-rifampicin, i-isoniazid ne-ethambutol, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela wezilwane. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunqunyelwe ukucatshangelwa kokuziphatha kanye nezomthetho, kanye nengozi yokukhiqiza ukumelana namagciwane. Ekugcineni, isinqumo kufanele senziwe ecaleni ngalinye, kucatshangelwa impilo yesilwane, ubungozi kubantu kanye nomthetho wendawo.
Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela kanye Namasu Okulawula
Ukuvimbela kuyithuluzi eliphumelela kakhulu ngokumelene nesifo sofuba ezinjeni. Ngezansi kunezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuvimbela ukusabalala kwalesi sifo:
- Gwema ukuchayeka: Gcina izinja kude nabantu abanalesi sifo, imfuyo noma izilwane zasendle okusolakala ukuthi ziyagula.
- Ukuhlanzeka kokudla: Okunikezwayo kuphela ukudla okuphekiwe noma ukulinganisa ngokwezentengiselwano ukuze kugwenywe izifo ngo M. bovis ngobisi noma inyama eluhlaza.
- Ukulawula impilo: Hlola njalo udokotela wezilwane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya ezinomkhuhlane wofuba wezinkomo.
- Imfundo nokuqwashisa: Yazisa abanikazi ngobungozi besifo sofuba nokuthi singasinqanda kanjani.
Ukusebenzisa lawa masu ngeke kuvikele izilwane ezifuywayo kuphela, kodwa futhi nabantu, njengoba isifo sofuba siyisifo esihlanganyelwe esithinta yonke indawo yemvelo.
Isifo sofuba ezinjeni, nakuba singavamile, siyiqiniso elidinga ukunakwa kokubili abanikazi kanye nochwepheshe bezilwane. Ukuqonda izimbangela, ukuqaphela izimpawu nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvimbela eziphumelelayo kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokulawula lesi sifo. Ngenhlanganisela yentuthuko yezokwelapha, imfundo nokuzibophezela, singakwazi ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yezilwane ezifuywayo futhi sinciphise umthelela wale zoonosis emiphakathini yethu.